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In 2003 [[VT Merlin Communications]] (now [[Babcock International Group]]) were awarded the contract to operate the system for a period of fifteen years on behalf of the Ministry of Defence.
In 2003 [[VT Merlin Communications]] (now [[Babcock International Group]]) were awarded the contract to operate the system for a period of fifteen years on behalf of the Ministry of Defence.
== Closed legacy system sites ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
UK Military High Frequency Transmitter, Receiver and Control Centre Sites Closed as Part of DHFCS Rationalisation
|- style="text-align:center; background:#d8edff;"
! width="12.5%"| <small>Site Name</small>
! width="30%"| <small>Location</small>
! width="10%"| <small>Operator</small>
! width="12.5%"| <small>Type</small>
! width="35%"| <small>Notes</small>
|-
|<small>DCSA Bampton Castle </small>
|<small>Former [[RAF Bampton Castle]], [[Bampton, Oxfordshire|Bampton]], Oxfordshire, England</small>
|<small>Royal Air Force</small>
|
* <small>Network Control Station</small>
* <small>Receiver</small>
|<small>Formerly operated by RAF No. 2 Signals Unit and No. 81 Signals Unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C15221006|title=No 81 Signals Unit, RAF Bampton Castle|last=|first=|date=13 January 2016|website=National Archives|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 May 2017}}</ref></small>
<small>Approximately seventy-two masts were removed in December 2003 and the final two removed in 2015.</small>
|-
|<small>DCSA Chelveston </small>
|<small>Former [[RAF Chelveston]], [[Chelveston]], Northamptonshire, England</small>
|<small>Royal Air Force</small>
|<small>Transmitter</small>
|<small>Established 1977, closed in December 2003 and sold by the MoD in June 2005. Operated by RAF No. 81 Signals Unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www3.northamptonshire.gov.uk/councilservices/environment-and-planning/planning/planning-applications/documents/PDF%20Documents/Minerals%20and%20Waste%20Apps/Chelveston%20-%20Archaeological%20Assessment%20(PDF%20Format%203.96MB).pdf|title=Archaeological Desk Based Assessment - Biomass Plant Chelveston Renewable Energy Park|last=|first=|date=|website=Northamptonshire County Council|publisher=CgMs Archaeology|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 May 2017}}</ref></small>
|-
|<small>DCSA Clach McKenny </small>
|<small>[[Rosneath peninsula|Rosneath Peninsula]], Argyll and Bute, Scotland</small>
|<small>Royal Navy</small>
|<small>Receiver</small>
|<small>Provided local HF services to naval units in the [[Firth of Clyde]].</small>
|-
|<small>RNAS Culdrose </small>
|<small>[[RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk)|RNAS Culdrose]], [[Helston]], Cornwall, England</small>
|<small>Royal Navy</small>
|
* <small>Transmitter</small>
* <small>Receiver</small>
|
|-
|<small>DCSA Fort Staddon</small>
|<small>[[Plymouth]], Devon, England</small>
|<small>Royal Navy</small>
|<small>Transmitter</small>
|<small>Provided local HF services to [[Flag Officer Sea Training|Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST)]].</small>
|-
|<small>DCSA Gibraltar </small>
|<small>[[Gibraltar]] ([[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]])</small>
|<small>Joint Tri-Service</small>
|
* <small>Network Control Station</small>
* <small>Transmitter</small>
* <small>Receiver</small>
|
|-
|<small>DCSA Milltown</small>
|<small>Former [[RAF Milltown]], [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]], Morayshire, Scotland</small>
|<small>Royal Air Force</small>
|<small>Transmitter</small>
|
|-
|<small>DCSA Plymouth </small>
|<small>[[Plymouth]], Devon, England</small>
|<small>Royal Navy</small>
|<small>Receiver</small>
|<small>Provided local HF services to [[Flag Officer Sea Training|Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST)]].</small>
|-
|<small>DCSA St. Mawgan</small>
|<small>[[RAF St Mawgan|RAF St. Mawgan]], [[Newquay]], Cornwall, England</small>
|<small>Royal Air Force</small>
|<small>Network Control Station</small>
|
|-
|<small>DCSA St. Vincent</small>
|<small>[[Admiralty Citadel]], [[Whitehall]], London, England. (Former [[HMS St Vincent (Whitehall shore establishment)|HMS ''St. Vincent'']])</small>
|<small>Royal Navy</small>
|<small>Network Control Station</small>
|
|-
|<small>DCSA Toward Taynuilt</small>
|<small>[[Cowal|Cowal Peninsula]], Agryll and Bute, Scotland</small>
|<small>Royal Navy</small>
|<small>Transmitter</small>
|<small>Provided local HF services to naval units in the [[Firth of Clyde]].</small>
|-
|<small>RNAS Yeovilton </small>
|<small>[[RNAS Yeovilton (HMS Heron)|RNAS Yeovilton]], [[Yeovil]], Somerset, England</small>
|<small>Royal Navy</small>
|
* <small>Transmitter</small>
* <small>Receiver</small>
|
|}


== Purpose ==
== Purpose ==

Version vom 7. Oktober 2020, 11:15 Uhr

Baustelle neu.jpg Dies ist eine Sandbox für den RC-1 des Artikels Defence High Frequency Communications Service!

Dieser Artikel befindet sich aktuell in der fachlichen Überarbeitung!
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Letzte Bearbeitung am 07. 10. 2020

Eigener Text

Der Defence High Frequency Communications Service (DHFCS) ist ein sogenannter Carrier-Service für die militärische Kommunikation der britischen Streitkräfte und bedient ausschließlich die sogenannten „BLOS“-Verbindungen (Beyond Line of Sight, dt.: Jenseits der quasioptischen Ausbreitung). Technischer Betreiber ist der internationale Rüstungskonzern Babcock International, der im Auftrag des britischen Verteidigungsministeriums agiert. Für die übertragenen Inhalte sind neben den Streitkräften auch Regierungsorganisationen und Ministerien verantwortlich.

Geschichte

Vorherige Systeme

Vor der Gründung des DHFCS betrieben die Royal Air Force (RAF) und die Royal Navy (RN) eigene unabhängigen Hochfrequenz-Kommunikationssysteme (HF). Das „Strike Command Integrated Communications System“ (STCICS) der RAF, später bekannt als „Terrestrial Air Sea Communications“ (TASCOMM), wurde an sechs Standorten in Großbritannien betrieben, während das RN-System zwölf Standorte betrieb. Die Systeme überlappten sich in ihren Fähigkeiten, während sie gleichzeitig Lücken aufwiesen. In Bezug auf die Gesamtleistung entstanden viel zu hohe Betriebskosten, es mangelte an Flexibilität und keines der beiden Kommunikationsnetze wurde jemals voll ausgelastet.

Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft

Im Jahr 2003 beschloss das Verteidigungsministerium („MOD“), die bestehenden HF-Kommunikationssysteme zu einem erweiterten System zusammenzuführen und anschließend als „Defence High Frequency Communications Service“ (DHFCS) zu betreiben und zu verwalten. Die ehemalige „Defense Communication Services Agency“ (DCSA) (heute: „Information Systems and Services“ (ISS) unter Führung des britischen „Joint Forces Command“) vergab einen öffentlich-privaten Partnerschaftsvertrag über 228 Mio. £ an „VT Merlin Communications“ zur Errichtung und zum Betrieb des Systems. Merlin Communications betrieb bereits seit den 1950er Jahren den Sender des MSF-Zeitzeichens auf 60 kHz und war außerdem technisch für den BBC Worldservice verantwortlich. Der Vertrag für das DHFCS hatte zunächst eine Laufzeit von fünfzehn Jahren (Ende: 2018) und wurde durch die Reduzierung der Sende-, Empfangs- und Kontrollstellen und eine Streichung von 266 Militärdienstposten in der Führungsunterstützung von Royal Air Force und Royal Navy finanziert. VT Communications wurde 2010 von Babcock International übernommen. Seither ist der Multikonzern für die Führungsunterstützung der britischen Streitkräfte verantwortlich.

Standort-Rationalisierung

Durch die Streichung und Schließung von Standorten wurden zwischen 2003 und 2006 zwölf Sende- bzw. Empfangsstellen sowie Kontrollzentren (vier der RAF, sieben der RN und ein gemeinsamer Standort in Gibraltar) geschlossen. Die Mehrzahl dieser Standorte wurden für andere militärische Zwecke weiter genutzt. Nur die Standorte in Bampton Castle, Chelveston und Milltown wurden als einzige ganz geschlossen.

Standortschließungen

Kontrollstellen, Sende- und Empfangsstellen der britischen Streitkräfte ide für das DHFCS geschlossen wurden
Site Name Location Operator Type Notes
DCSA Bampton Castle RAF Bampton Castle, Bampton, Oxfordshire, England Royal Air Force
  • Network Control Station
  • Receiver
Ehemals betrieben durch die RAF No. 2 Signals Unit and No. 81 Signals Unit.[1]

Etwa 72 Antennenträger wurden bereits im Dezember 2003 demontiert, die letzten beiden wurden 2015 abgebaut.

DCSA Chelveston RAF Chelveston, Chelveston, Northamptonshire, England Royal Air Force Sendestelle Eingerichtet 1977, geschlossen im Dezember 2003 und verkauft (Juni 2005). Betrieben durch die RAF No. 81 Signals Unit.[2]
DCSA Clach McKenny Rosneath Halbinsel, Argyll and Bute, Scotland Royal Navy Empfangsstation Diente als HF-Stelle für küstennahe Funkdienste der Marine im Gebiet Firth of Clyde.
RNAS Culdrose RNAS Culdrose (HMS Seahawk), Helston, Cornwall, England Royal Navy
  • Sendestelle
  • Empfangsstelle
DCSA Fort Staddon Plymouth, Devon, England Royal Navy Sendestelle Hauptsächlich für die Führungsunterstützung des Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST).
DCSA Gibraltar Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory) „Joint Tri-Service“
  • Netzleitstelle
  • Sender
  • Empfänger
DCSA Milltown RAF Milltown, Elgin, Moray, Morayshire, Scotland Royal Air Force Sendestelle
DCSA Plymouth Plymouth, Devon, England Royal Navy Empfangsstelle Hauptsächlich für die Führungsunterstützung des Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST).
DCSA St. Mawgan RAF St. Mawgan, Newquay, Cornwall, England Royal Air Force Netzleitstelle
DCSA St. Vincent Admiralty Citadel, Whitehall, London, England. (Ehemals HMS St. Vincent („Whitehall shore establishment“)) Royal Navy Netzleitstelle
DCSA Toward Taynuilt Cowal Halbinsel, Agryll and Bute, Scotland Royal Navy Sendestelle Versorgung der Seegebiete rund um den Firth of Clyde.
RNAS Yeovilton RNAS Yeovilton, Yeovil, Somerset, England Royal Navy
  • Sender
  • Empfänger

Original aus EN-WIKIPEDIA

Vorlage:Refimprove Vorlage:Infobox telecommunications network

The Defence High Frequency Communications Service or the DHFCS is a British military beyond line-of-sight communication system operated by the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and used predominately by the Royal Air Force, Royal Navy and British Army, as well as other authorised users.

The system operates from six transmitting and receiving sites across the United Kingdom and is controlled from a network control centre located at Forest Moor in North Yorkshire and a backup site at Kinloss Barracks in Moray. Overseas sites are located in Ascension Island, Cyprus and Falkland Islands.

In 2003 VT Merlin Communications (now Babcock International Group) were awarded the contract to operate the system for a period of fifteen years on behalf of the Ministry of Defence.

Purpose

Vorlage:Location map+The service provides HF communications for the Ministry of Defence (Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, British Army and Joint Forces Command), other British government departments and NATO (including its Partnership for Peace organisation). A memorandum of understanding exists to allow cooperation between the DHFCS and the US Air Force's (USAF) High Frequency Global Communications System (HFGCS) through a link to the HFGCS at the USAF facility at RAF Croughton in Northamptonshire. A link with the Australian Defence Force's High Frequency Communications System (HFCS) based in Canberra also exists.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn

The service allows real-time strategic communications between users which comprise ground stations, submarines, surface vessels, fixed wing aircraft and helicopters.Vorlage:Sfn

Structure and operation

The DHFCS was declared operational in March 2008. Within the UK, the system is divided into three stations of paired transmitter and receiver sites. 'UK North' comprises sites at Kinloss Barracks and Crimond in north east Scotland, 'UK Middle' at Forest Moor and Inskip in northern England and 'UK South' at St. Eval and Penhale Sands in south west England. Three overseas stations, with two sites each, are located in Cyprus, Ascension Island and the Falkland Islands.Vorlage:Sfn

The system was originally operated from a network control station (NCS) located at Forest Moor, with an alternate network control station (ANCS) at Kinloss which could be used in the event that Forest Moor station was unavailable. Split site working was introduced in 2011 which allows both the Forest Moor NCS and Kinloss ANCS to control 50% of the network, increasing resilience and recovery time in the event of a loss of service and minimising potential network unavailability.Vorlage:Sfn

Sites and Anthorn and Skelton in northern England provides a Very Low Frequency (VLF) transmitting capability which is used to send communications to submerged submarines. Due to the low frequencies involved submarines can only receive VLF communications and do not carry VLF transmission aerials. Therefore, there is no requirement for land-based receiver sites as communications are one way.

The DHFCS is known to have the following capabilities.Vorlage:Sfn

  • Nuclear Firing Chain (HF/LF Secure Data)
  • Ship to shore Automatic Link Establishment (ALE), Non ALE (Secure Data) – STANAG 5066 ARQ & DRC
  • Direct Access users Channels (Voice)
  • Multi Channel Broadcasts (Secure Data)
  • Single Channel Broadcasts (Data & Voice)
  • NATO Broadcasts (Secure Data)
  • Off the Air Monitoring (Secure Data)
  • Legacy Ship to Shore Services (Secure Data)
  • Rear Links Services (Secure Data)
  • Maritime Air Telecommunication Organisation (Secure Data & Voice)
  • Terrestrial Air Sea Communications (TASCOMM - Voice)
  • Voice Automatic Link Establishment

DHFCS sites in the United Kingdom

UK DHFCS Transmitter, Receiver and Control Centre SitesVorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn[3]
Site Name Location Type Station Callsign Notes
DHFCS Crimond Former RNAS Rattray (HMS Merganser), Aberdeenshire, Scotland Transmitter UK North Formerly operated by the Royal Navy.
DHFCS Forest Moor Former HMS Forest Moor, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England
  • Network Control Station
  • Receiver
UK Middle ARCHITECT Formerly operated by the Royal Navy.
DHFCS Inskip Former RNAS Inskip (HMS Nightjar), Lancashire, England Transmitter UK Middle Formerly operated by the Royal Navy.
DHFCS Kinloss Kinloss Barracks, Moray, Scotland
  • Network Control Station
  • Receiver
UK North ARCHITECT Formerly operated by the Royal Air Force.
DHFCS Penhale Sands Cornwall, England Receiver UK South Formerly operated by the Royal Air Force.
DHFCS St. Eval Cornwall, England Transmitter UK South Formerly operated by the Royal Air Force.

Overseas DHFCS sites

Overseas DHFCS Transmitter and Receiver SitesVorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn[3]
Site Name Location Type Station Callsign Notes
DHCFS Airhead RAF Ascension, Ascension Island, Mid Atlantic Ocean HAVEN
DHFCS Bush Rincon East Falkland, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean Falkland Islands VIPER
DHFCS Donkey Plain Donkey Plain, Ascension Island, Mid Atlantic Ocean Ascension Island HAVEN
DHFCS Episkopi Episkopi, Western Sovereign Base Area, Cyprus Cyprus CYPRUS
DHFCS Mocho Pond East Falkland, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Falkland Islands VIPER
DHFCS Salt Lake Western Sovereign Base Area, Cyprus Cyprus CYPRUS

References

Citations

Vorlage:Reflist

Sources