ACE High: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aktuelle Version vom 7. August 2014, 11:50 Uhr

Troposcatter-Funkstelle auf Lefkada im Sonnenaufgang

ACE High System (Allied Command Europe High) war ein Troposcatter-Kommunikationssystem der NATO im Kalten Krieg.

Funktion

Ausgangspunkt des weltweiten Überwachungs- und Langstrecken-Kommunikationssystems ist das in den USA installierte W.A.C.S. White Alice Communications System. Dieses System wurde 1956 installiert und verläuft von den USA aus führend über Kanada und Alaska und verbindet sich dort mit der DEW-Line Distant Early Warning Line. Diese Verbindung führte als das N.A.R.S, North Atlantic Radio System, weiter nach Grönland.

Dieses ist mit dem in Europa installierten Langstrecken - Kommunikations - System,dem ACE High System - "Allied Command Europe Tropospheric Forward Scatter Communication System" verbunden. Dieses somit global operierende Kommunikations- und Überwachungssystem führte im Norden von Europa, von den Färöer Insel (Station 43 - Sandfelli - Übergabepunkt der N.A.R.S Linie) ausgehend, mit der sogenannte Normal- Route (Backbone - Route), und verläuft nördlich durch Dänemark und Norwegen bis an die russische Grenze und südlich durch England, Belgien und durch Frankreich, Deutschland nach Italien. Weiterführend über Griechenland bis in die Türkei, wo das ACE High System ebenfalls an der Grenze der Sowjetunion und des Warschauer Paktes endete. Dieses von dem Militär kontrollierten Kommunikations-System, mit einem sehr hohen technischen und einheitlichen Standard (Abhörsicherheit und Verschlüsselung der Informationen), stand somit für die Streitkräfte der NATO zur Verfügung, um die wichtigsten operativen Zentren und die Radar-Außenposten zu verbinden, welche verstreut in den verschiedenen europäischen NATO-Ländern installiert waren. Dabei wurden die mit Parabolantennen gerichtete UHF-Aussendungen hoher Leistung an der Troposphäre zur Erde zurückgestreut (Troposcatter), wodurch hohe Reichweiten erzielt werden konnten. Der Vorteil von ACE High war, dass solche Verbindungen auch dann noch funktionieren, wenn Kurzwellen-Verbindungen nach dem Einsatz von Kernwaffen beeinträchtigt sind. Das System wurde für die obere Führungsebene verwendet. ACE bedeutete "Allied Command Europe" und High steht für die Bandbreite des UHF Bereiches.

ACE-High-Stationen

Bezeichnung und Standorte der Stationen: Nato-Codierung vor dem Jahr 1959 in Klammern und nach dem Jahr 1971 in Fettschrift.

Norwegen - AFNORTH

(NC - Senja)
NSEZ - Senja
Position 69°19'44.06"N 17°29'49,52"O 178 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(nca - Höggumpen)
NHGZ - Höggumpen
Position 69°04'41.27"N 18°00'16.53"O 502 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(ND- Bodö)
NKLZ - Bodoe
Position 67°10'23.34"N 15°01'24.42"O 801 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(nda - Bodoe Tail - Kletkov)
NVAZ - Kletkov
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(NE - Mosjöen)
NMOZ - Mosjoen
Position 65°52'41.93"N 13°18'11.54"O 627 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(NF - Trondheim)
NSBZ - Trondheim
Position 63°18′41.01″N 10°56′17.75"O 677 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter + Radio Line)

(nfa - Trondheim Tail - Graakallen)
Position 63°25'15.27"N 10°15'06.65"O 543 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(NG - Oslo AAA)
NSOZ - Oslo
Position 60°03'34.24"N 11°16'09.06"O 246 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(NGX - Oslo YYY - Svartas)
NSVZ - Svartas
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:3R (Radio Line)

(nga - Oslo Tail 01 - Kolsaas)
NKOZ - Kolsaas
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(ngb - Oslo Tail 02 - Maakeroy)
NVEZ - Maakeroy
Position 69°09'22.44"N 10°26'19.01"O 14 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(NH - Kristiansand - Stormyrheia)
NSMZ - Kristiansand
Position 58°27'19.14"N 08°27'43.45"O 326 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S (Scatter Line)

(NJ - Sola - Lysanuf)
NLYZ - Sola
Position 59°31'40.46"N 05°54'12.25"O 792 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

Dänemark - AFNORTH

(DA - Karup - Torphøj)
DTOZ - Kollemorten
Position 55°52'28.98"N 09°21'00.95"O 135 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(daa - Karup Tail - Lundbakke)
DLUZ - Lundebakke
Position 56°13'49.03"N 09°09'48.63"O 68 m
Station Power Plant Category:1b
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

England - ROCCHAN

(EAA - Foroes - Sandfelli 2)
Position 62°04'09.59"N 06°58'06.09"O 713 m
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:unknown

(EA - Shetlands - Mossy Hill)
UMSZ - Mossy Hill
Position 59°57'17.15"N 01°18'11.60"O 227 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(eab - Shetlands Tail Relay - Collafirth Hill)
UCOZ - (Collafirth Hill)
Position 60°34'56.66"N 01°11'54.82"E 102 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line)

(eac - Shetlands Tail - Saxa Vord)
Position 60°49'37.20"N 00°50'22.59"O 276 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(EB - Aberdeen - Mormond Hill)
UMOZ - Mormond Hill
Position 57°36'11.19"N 02°01'51.86"O 227 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(eba - Aberdeen Tail - Long Haven Hill)
USVZ - Long Haven Hill
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:Ia
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(EC - Boulmer - Brizlee Wood)
UBOZ - Brizlee Wood
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(ED - Binbrook - Stenigot)
UBIZ - Stenigot
Position 53°19'36.08"N 00°06'57.44"O 153 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(EE - London - Coldblow Lane)
UMAZ - Coldblow Lane
Position 51°17'44.95"N 00°36'51.52"O 194 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(eeb - London Tail Relay - Woldinghom)
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line)

(eea - London Tail - Hillingdon)
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

Frankreich - AFCENT

(FAN - Paris - Mont Florentin)
FFLZ - Paris North
49°20'27.59"N 02°03'06.79"O 222 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 2R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

FTAZ - Taverny
49°02'02.88"N 02°13'45.85"O 178 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:unknown

(fac - Paris Tail (2)- Sant Germain)
48°54'44.67"N 02°01'25.44"O 71 m
Station Power Plant Category:Ia
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line)

(fae - Paris Tail (2) - Extension (SHAPE)
48°50'34'19"N 02°06'14.30"O 178 m
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(fa - Relais Paris - Emeville)
FEMZ - Emeville
49°18'01.83"N 03°00'41.00"O 247 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:3R (Radio Line)

(faa - Paris Tail (1) - Laffaux)
49°27'15.05"N 03°24'57.39"O 143 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(fad - Relay Paris - Rozoy Bellevalle)
FRBZ - Rozoy Bellevalle
48°55'56.05"N 03°28'24.62"O 219 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line)

(FAS - Paris - Mont Aout)
FAOZ - Paris South
48°46'14.78"N 03°53'25.33"O 216 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(FAZ - Trier - Rohrbach)
FROZ - Rohrbach
49°03'18.47"N 07°14'40.74"O 376 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(fay - Trier Tail - Kindsbach)
ABHZ - Kindsbach
49°23'48.11"N 07°35'38.32"O 458 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(FC - Lyon - Pierre sur Haute)
FLYZ - Lyon
45°39'11.52"N 03°48'33.07"O 1632 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(FD - Nice - Signal de la Chens)
FNIZ - Nice
43°44'53.67"N 06°39'44.85"O 1703 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

Belgien - AFCENT

BADZ - Adinkerke
BCAZ - Casteau (SHAPE) 50°30'05.56"N 03°58'15.69"O 87 m
BCHZ - Chievres
BFRZ - Baraque Fraiture 50°15'07.94"N 05°43'56.13"O 654 m

Deutschland - AFCENT

ABHZ - Kindsbach
49°23'51.24"N 07°35'41.17"E 458 m ü. NN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:o.A

(AA - Emden - Aurich)
AEMZ - Aurich
53°30'32.04"N 07°26'34.83"E 10 m ü. NN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(AB - Moenchengladbach - Roetgen)
ALAZ -Lammersdorf
50°39'57.59"N 06°17'14.58"E 593 m ü. NN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 2R (Scatter + Radio Line)

(abb - Moenchengladbach Tail (1) - Hehn)
AHEZ - Hehn
51°10'51.44"N 06°23'37.77"E 81 m ü. NN
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R (Radio Line)

(aba - Moenchengladbach Tail (2) - Millen)
50°45'57.87"N 05°33'47.26"E 151 m ü. NN
Station Power Plant Category:Ia
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(abc - Uedem)
AUEZ - Uedem
51°39'39.08"N 06°16'58.97"E 47 m ü. NN
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(AC - Feldberg)
AFEZ - Feldberg
47°52'23.09"N 08°00'59.73"E 1458 m ü. NN
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

Italien - AFSOUTH

(IE - Dosso dei Galli)
IDGZ - Dosso dei Galli
45°51'13.66"N 10°22'32.28"O 2174 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S - 1R (1R)(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

IVTZ - Verona Tail (im West Star Bunker)
45°33'17.89"N 10°45'46.83"O 334 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(IA - Livorno - Monte Giogo)
IMXZ - Livorno
44°19'17.38"N 10°07'30.94"O 1496 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(IAZ - Cavriana - Monte Bosco Sucro)
IMBZ - Cavriana
45°21'00.79"N 10°37'01.46"O 189 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 2R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(iaa - Verona Torre 4)
45°27'11.35"N 11°00'30.55"O 164 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(IAY - Lame - Cavanella)
ICEZ - Lame Concordia
45°44'55.99"N 12°52'08.75"O 7 m
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(iax - Aviano)
IAVZ - Aviano
46°02'42.92"N 12°36'22.95"O 130 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(IB - Rome - Tolfa)
ITLZ - Rome
42°09'01.76"N 11°54'32.73"O 621 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(iba - Rome Tail - Monte Cavo)
IMCZ - Monte Cavo
41°45'04.86"N 12°42'31.03"O 930 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(IC - Neaples - Ischia - Punta Fetto)
IICZ - Neaples
40°35'50.88"N 13°54'08.54"O 639 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 2R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(ica - Neaples Tail - Monte Pecorara)
IPEZ - Monte Petrino
41°13'24.29"N 13°57'57.75"O 335 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(icy - Monte Vergine)
IMNZ - Monte Nardello
40°56'33.27"N 14°43'07.28"O 1516 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R(Radio Line)

(icz - Monte Vulture)
IVUZ - Monte Vulture
40°57'03.12"N 15°38'10.75"O 1301 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3R(Radio Line)

(icv - Monte Lacontenente)
41°47"15.14"N 16°02'51.13"O 822 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(icf - Pietra Ficcata)
IPFZ - Pietra Ficcata
40°34'04.90"N 16°19'21.31"O 586 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2R(Radio Line)

(icw - Martina Franca)
IAMZ - Martina Franca
40°39'22.90"N 17°17'21.05"O 496 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(ID - Catanzaro - Monte Mancuso)
IMMZ - Catanzaro
39°01'09.13"N 16°13'32.02"O 1319 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S(Scatter Line)

(IDA - Monte Lauro - Cozzo tre Grotte)
ICCZ - Monte Lauro
37°06'52.13"N 14°51'18.96"O 944 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(idb - Malta - Gharghur)
IDBZ - Malta - Gharghur
35°55'50.01"N 14°27'43.33"O 123 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

Griechenland - AFSOUTH

(GA - Kefallina)
GKFZ - Kefallonia
38°10'11.18"N 20°37'08'53"O 1001 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(GB - Athens - Pendelikon)
GPKZ - Athens
38°04'50.46"N 23°52'58.14"O 1038 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:4S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(gba - Athens Tail - Cholargos)
GATZ - Athens Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:Ia
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(GBZ - Crete - Ziros)
GZIZ - Ziros
35°03'53.52"N 26°09'14.24"O 786 m
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line)

(GBY - Larissa - Phillon)
GPIZ - Phillon
39°25'22.75N 23°03'11.54"O 1513 m
Station Power Plant Category:I
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(gbx - Larissa Tail - Aya Street)
GASZ - Larissa Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(GBW - Vitsi)
GVIZ - Vitzi
40°38'43.34"N 21°23'11.07"O 2009 m
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line)

(GBV - Ismaros)
GISZ - Ismaros
40°53'34.67"N 25°32'56.06"O 612 m
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S(Scatter Line)

Türkei - AFSOUTH

(TA - Izmir - Bespinar Tepes)
TBPZ - Izmir - Bespnar Tepes
38°18'48.72"N 27°01'29.89"O 964 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(taa - Izmir Tail)
TIZZ - Izmir Tail
Position:no information
evtl.38°23'46.07"N 27°08'13.16"O 75 m
Station Power Plant Category:Ib
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(TB - Eskisehir - Kutahya Dagi)
TKUZ - Eskisehir
39°25'03.25"N 29°51'19.07"O 1820 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(tba - Eskirsehir Tail)
TESZ - Eskirsehir Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(TBZ - Amasra - Kuskaya Tebes)
TKYZ - Amasra
41°42'52.92"N 32°22'05.99"O 375 m
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S(Scatter Line)

(TC - Ankara)
TEDZ - Ankara - Elan Dagi
39°48'20.59"N 32°59'32.27"O 1856 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 1R(Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(tca - Ankara Tail)
TANZ - Ankara Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R(Radio Line)

(TCK - Merzifon - Kocayanusbasi Tepsi)
TKJZ - Merzifon
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(TCW - Persembe)
TPEZ - Persembe
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(TCV - Pazar)
TPAZ - Pazar
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:III
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line)

(TD - Sivas - Pinarbasi)
TPIZ - Pinarbasi
38°40'39.10"N 36°24'12.88"O 2285 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:3S (Scatter Line)

(TG - Adana - Davudi Dagi)
TDDZ - Adana
36°49'39.37"N 35°38'18.66"O 515 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S + 1R (Scatter + Radio Line)

(tga - Adana Tail)
TADZ - Adana Tail
Position:no information
evtl.36°59'40.66"N 35°23'45.38"O 45 m
Station Power Plant Category:o.A
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(TE - Dyarbakir - Karaca Dagi)
TDIZ - Dyarbakir
Position:no informationt
evtl.37°42'43.16°N 39°49'42.76"O 1946 m
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S + 2R (Scatter Line + Radio Line)

(tea - Dyarbakir Tail)
TDEZ - Dyarbakir Tail
Position:no information
Station Power Plant Category:II
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(tf - Mardin)
TMAZ - Mardin
Position:no information
evtl.37°19'03.09"N 40°44'39.80"E 1194 m
Station Power Plant Category:o.A
Station Transmitter Equipment:1R (Radio Line)

(TVK - Merzifon - Kocayanusbasi Tepsi)
TKJZ - Merzifon
40°57'09.40"N 35°23'04.58"O 1908 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:2S (Scatter Line)

(TCZ - Cap Greco)
JCGZ -Cavo Greko
36°58'00.85"N 34°04'11.41"O 62 m
Station Power Plant Category:unknown
Station Transmitter Equipment:1S (Scatter Line)

Siehe auch

Troposphären-Nachrichtensystem „BARS“

Weblinks

Quelle

Deutsche Wikipedia

@@ Zeile 6: / Zeile 6: @@
 Ausgangspunkt des weltweiten Überwachungs- und Langstrecken-Kommunikationssystems ist das in den USA installierte W.A.C.S. [[White Alice Communications System]].
-Dieses System wurde 1956 installiert und verläuft von den USA aus führend über Kanada und Alaska und verbindet sich dort mit der DEW-Line [[Distant Early Warning Line]].
+Dieses System wurde 1956 installiert und verläuft von den USA aus führend über Kanada und Alaska und verbindet sich dort mit der DEW-Line Distant Early Warning Line.
 Diese Verbindung führte als das N.A.R.S, North Atlantic Radio System, weiter nach Grönland.